Izinduku Zombani zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni isakhiwo sakho emandleni abhubhisayo ombani. Abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zinduku ziheha umbani, kodwa lokhu kuyinganekwane. Kunalokho, banikeza indlela ephephile yokuba umsinga kagesi ufinyelele phansi, ukuvimbela umonakalo. Umbani ushaya e-United States izikhathi ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-25 ngonyaka, ubangela umonakalo omkhulu wempahla ngisho nokufa. Ukuvikela isakhiwo sakho ngesivikelo esifanele sombani kungavimbela imililo nokonakala kwesakhiwo, kuqinisekise ukuphepha kwakho kokubili impahla kanye nabahlala kuyo.

Ukuqonda Umbani Nezingozi Zawo

Imvelo Yombani

Indlela umbani owakheka ngayo

Umbani uyakha lapho amashaji kagesi enqwabelana emafini esiphepho. Ungase uzibuze ukuthi lokhu kwenzeka kanjani. Njengoba amafu esiphepho enyakaza, adala ukungqubuzana, okuhlukanisa ukushaja okuhle nokubi. Amashaji aphikisayo aqoqana phansi efwini, kuyilapho amanani ephozithivu enqwabelana phansi. Lapho umehluko ekuphathweni uba mkhulu kakhulu, ukuphuma kukagesi ngokushesha kwenzeka, okudala umbani.

Imvamisa nomthelela wokushaywa kombani

Umbani uhlasela kaningi emhlabeni wonke. E-United States kuphela, umbani ushaya izikhathi ezingaba izigidi ezingu-25 unyaka ngamunye. Lezi ziteleka zingadala umonakalo omkhulu. Ngokusho kweNational Lightning Safety Institute, umbani udala imililo engaphezu kuka-26,000 ngonyaka e-USA, okuholela ekulimaleni kwempahla engaphezu kwezigidigidi ezingu-5-6 zamaRandi. Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokuqonda kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi obuhambisana nombani.

Umonakalo Ongase Ubangelwe Ukushaywa Kombani

Ukulimala kwesakhiwo

Umbani ungabangela umonakalo omkhulu ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo. Lapho umbani ushaya, ungadala izimbobo ophahleni, uphahlaze amafasitela, futhi uphahlaze izindonga. Ukushisa okunamandla namandla avela esitelekeni kungenza buthaka isakhiwo sebhilidi, kusenze singaphephile kubahlali.

Izingozi zomlilo

Izingozi zomlilo zibeka enye ingozi enkulu ekushayweni kombani. Ukushisa okuphezulu kombani kungathungela izinto ezivuthayo, okuholela emlilweni. Le mililo ingabhebhetheka ngokushesha, ibangele umonakalo omkhulu empahleni futhi ibeke ukuphila engozini. Ukuvikela isakhiwo sakho embanini kungasiza ekuvimbeleni imililo ebhubhisa kanjalo.

Ukulimala kwesistimu kagesi

Umbani ungadala umonakalo ezimisweni zikagesi. Lapho umbani ushaya, ungathumela inqwaba kagesi ocingweni lwesakhiwo. Lokhu kuhlasela kungalimaza izinto zikagesi, izinto zikagesi, nengqalasizinda kagesi uqobo. Ungase uhlangabezane nokuphela kukagesi noma ngisho nokulimala unomphela kumadivayisi akho. Ukufaka ukuvikeleka kombani okufanele kungavikela amasistimu akho kagesi kulokhu kuhlasela okulimazayo.

Indima Yezinduku Zombani

Umsebenzi Nenhloso

Indlela izinduku zombani ezisebenza ngayo

Izinti zombani zisebenza njengendlela ebalulekile yokuvikela izakhiwo ngokumelene namandla abhubhisayo ombani. Lapho umbani ushaya, ufuna indlela yokungakwazi ukumelana naphansi. Ungacabanga ngezinduku zombani njengeziqondiso eziqondisa la mandla anamandla ngokuphepha kude nesakhiwo sakho. Ngokuhlinzeka ngomzila wokumelana okuphansi, bavimbela amandla kagesi ukuthi abangele umonakalo ezingxenyeni ezingaqhubeki zesakhiwo. Lesi simiso siqinisekisa ukuthi amandla ageleza ngokungenabungozi entongeni nasezintanjeni zayo, ekugcineni afinyelele phansi.

Izingxenye zesistimu yokuvikela umbani

A olunzuluuhlelo lokuvikela umbaniiqukethe izingxenye ezibalulekile ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, induku yombani ngokwayo, evame ukufakwa endaweni ephakeme kakhulu yesakhiwo, iheha umbani. Okulandelayo, izintambo eziqhutshwayo ezenziwe ngethusi noma nge-aluminium zixhuma induku phansi. Lezi zintambo zihambisa amandla kagesi ngokuphepha kude nesakhiwo. Okokugcina, amasistimu aphansi ahlakaza amandla emhlabeni, aqedelela inqubo yokuvikela. Ndawonye, ​​lezi zingxenye zisebenza ngokuzwana ukuze zivikele isakhiwo sakho ekulimaleni okungaba khona kombani.

Umongo Womlando kanye Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Ukusungulwa kanye nokusetshenziswa kusenesikhathi

Ukusungulwa kwenduku yombani kudala emuva1752ngesikhathi uBenjamin Franklin ethula le divayisi edala umonakalo. Ilukuluku likaFranklin ngogesi lamholela ekwenzeni induku yokuqala yombani, edumile esebenzisa ikhayithi elifakwe ukhiye wensimbi. Lokhu okusunguliwe kwaphawula intuthuko enkulu ekuqondeni ugesi futhi kwanikeza isixazululo esisebenzayo sokuvikela izakhiwo ekushayweni kombani. Ngu1753, izinduku zombani ezinezinsika zethusi noma zeplatinamu zamukelwa kabanzi, ikakhulukazi enyakatho-mpumalanga ye-United States. Lokhu kufakwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi akugcini nje ngokusindisa izimpilo eziningi kodwa futhi kuvimbele imililo eminingi.

Intuthuko yesimanje

Ngokuhamba kweminyaka, izinduku zombani ziye zashintsha kakhulu. Intuthuko yesimanje ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kwayo nokusebenza kahle. Namuhla, ungathola izinti zombani eziklanywe ngezinto ezithuthukisiwe nobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwazo. Lezi zindlela ezintsha ziqinisekisa ukuthi izinduku zombani ziyaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekuvikeleni izakhiwo ekushayweni kombani. Naphezu kokuziphendukela kwemvelo, isimiso esiyisisekelo sisafana: ukuhlinzeka ngendlela ephephile ukuze umbani ufinyelele phansi, ngaleyo ndlela uvikele izakhiwo kanye nabahlala kuzo.

Izinyathelo Zokuvikela Ezengeziwe

Ngenkathi izinduku zombani zihlinzeka ngokuvikeleka okubalulekile, ungathuthukisa ukuphepha kwebhilidi lakho ngezinyathelo ezengeziwe. Lezi zinhlelo ezihambisanayo zisebenza eduze kwe-Lightning Rods ukunikeza ukuzivikela okuphelele ekushayweni kombani.

Amasistimu ahambisanayo

Surge protectors

Izivikeli zokuhlinza zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni izisetshenziswa zakho zikagesi. Uma umbani ushaya, ungabangela ukuphakama kwamandla okulimaza ugesi. Izivikeli ze-Surge zisebenza njengesithiyo, zimunca i-voltage eyeqile futhi ziyivimbele ukuthi ifinyelele kumadivayisi akho. Ngokufaka izivikeli zokuhlinza, uqinisekisa ukuthi izinto zakho zikagesi nezinto zikagesi zihlala ziphephile ngesikhathi kunesiphepho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa okulula kuhambisana nomsebenzi Wezinduku Zombani ngokuvikela izingxenye zangaphakathi zesakhiwo sakho.

Grounding systems

Amasistimu okubeka phansi angenye ingxenye ebalulekile yokuvikela umbani. Banikeza indlela eqondile ukuze imisinga kagesi ifinyelele ngokuphepha phansi. Uma kuhlanganiswa nezinduku zombani, izinhlelo zokumisa phansi ziqinisekisa ukuthi amandla avela ekushayweni kombani ahlakazeka ngokungenabungozi emhlabeni. Lokhu kunciphisa ingozi yokulimala kwesakhiwo kanye nezingozi zomlilo. Isisekelo esifanele sibalulekile ekusebenzeni kahle okuphelele kwesu lakho lokuvikela umbani.

Amazinga Nemithethonqubo

Ukuthobela izindinganiso nemithethonqubo kubalulekile lapho kusetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuvikela umbani. Le mihlahlandlela iqinisekisa ukuthi isakhiwo sakho sithola izinga eliphezulu lokuphepha.

Izindinganiso zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe

II-NFPA 780okujwayelekile kuveza izidingo zokufaka izinduku zombani kanye nezinhlelo ezihlobene. Lo mbhalo usebenza njengomhlahlandlela ophelele wokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu kanye nesakhiwo embanini. Ngokulandela lawa mazinga, ufeza isibopho sakho esingokomthetho futhi wenze isinqumo esihlakaniphile sokuphepha. Ukuhambisana nezindinganiso zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe kuqinisekisa ukuthi uhlelo lokuvikela umbani lwebhilidi lakho luhlangabezana nemibandela edingekayo ukuze lisebenze kahle.

Iziqondiso zokuthobela kanye nokuphepha

Ukuhambisana neziqondiso zokuphepha akusona nje isibopho esingokomthetho; kuyisinyathelo esibheke ekuvikeleni impahla yakho kanye nabahlala kuyo. Ukuhlolwa njalo nokugcinwa kwezinduku zakho zombani kanye nezinhlelo ezihambisanayo kuqinisekisa ukuthi zisebenza ngendlela efanele. Ngokuthobela le mihlahlandlela, unciphisa ubungozi bezigameko ezihlobene nombani. Lokhu kuzibophezela kwezokuphepha kukhombisa indlela eqotho yokuphatha izakhiwo.

Ukufaka lezi zinyathelo zokuvikela ezengeziwe eceleni kwe-Lightning Rods kudala ukuzivikela okuqinile ekushayweni kombani. Ngokuqonda nokusebenzisa lezi zinhlelo, uthuthukisa ukuphepha nokuqina kwesakhiwo sakho.

Iseluleko Esisebenzayo Sokusetshenzwa

Imihlahlandlela yokufaka

Ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele

Ukukhetha uhlelo olufanele lokuvikela umbani lwesakhiwo sakho kubalulekile. Kufanele ucabangele izici ezifana nobude besakhiwo, indawo, kanye nezikhathi zokuduma kwezulu endaweni yangakini. Izakhiwo ezifundeni ezinombani njalo zidinga amasistimu aqinile. Ukubonisana nosonkontileka oqinisekisiwe wokuvikela umbani kungakusiza wenze isinqumo unolwazi. Lezi zingcweti zihlola izidingo ezithile zebhilidi lakho futhi zincoma isistimu engcono kakhulu yokuqinisekisa ukuphepha okuphezulu.

Amathiphu wokufaka ochwepheshe

Ukufakwa kochwepheshe kwezinhlelo zokuvikela umbani kubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwazo. Kufanele uqashe usonkontileka ogunyaziwe olandela izindinganiso zomkhakha. ILightning Protection Instituteigcizelela ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa amasistimu aqinisekisiwe anikeza indlela ecacisiwe yokugawula ngokuphephile umsinga oshajwe kakhulu wombani. Ukwengeza, uhlelo lokuhlola lomuntu wesithathu luqinisekisa ukuthi ukufakwa kuhlangabezana nayo yonke imihlahlandlela yokuphepha. Lesi sinyathelo siqinisekisa ukuthi isistimu yakho isebenza ngendlela efanele futhi inikeza ukuvikeleka okuphelele.

Ukunakekela kanye Nokuhlola

Ukuhlola njalo nokugcina

Ukugcinwa njalo kohlelo lwakho lokuvikela umbani kubalulekile. Kufanele uhlele ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zonke izingxenye zisesimweni esihle. Lokhu kuhlola kusiza ukuhlonza noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zifake engozini ukusebenza kwesistimu. Ukugcinwa okujwayelekile kuhlanganisa ukuqinisa ukuxhumana, ukuhlola ukugqwala, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi amasistimu aphansi ahlala eqinile. Ngokugcina isistimu yakho, welula ubude bayo bempilo futhi uqinisekisa ukuvikeleka okuqhubekayo.

Izimpawu zokuguga noma zokulimala

Kufanele uqaphele izimpawu zokuguga noma ukulimala ohlelweni lwakho lokuvikela umbani. Bheka ukugqwala okubonakalayo kumakhebuli noma izinduku, ukuxhumana okuxekethile, nanoma yimuphi umonakalo obonakalayo ezingxenyeni. Uma ubona noma iyiphi yalezi zinkinga, xhumana nochwepheshe ngokushesha. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga ngokushesha kuvimbela ukwehluleka okungenzeka ngesikhathi sombani. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokulungiswa okufika ngesikhathi kugcina isistimu yakho isesimweni esikahle, ivikela isakhiwo sakho ezingozini ezihlobene nombani.

Izinhlelo zokuvikela umbani zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuvikeleni isakhiwo sakho emandleni abhubhisayo ombani. Bahlinzeka ngendlela ephansi ye-impedance yamanje yombani, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesakhiwo nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabahlali. Kufanele uhlole izidingo ezithile zebhilidi lakho ukuze unqume uhlelo lokuvikela olusebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukutshala imali ohlelweni olubanzi lokuvikela umbani kunikeza ukuphepha kwezezimali nokuthula kwengqondo. Ngokuqinisekisa ukuthobela izindinganiso zokuphepha, udala indawo ephephile yendawo yakho futhi uqede ukungasebenzi kwesistimu okungaba khona. Beka kuqala ukuvikela kombani ukuze uvikele utshalomali lwakho futhi uvikele izimpilo.